**Concise version for citation:** Bead-free electrospun PVA and PVA/boric acid nanofiber membranes incorporating nanoencapsulated curcumin were developed for air filtration. Increased curcumin content enhanced fiber thickness, mechanical strength, filtration efficiency, and antibacterial activity. The membranes achieved ~100% filtration for 0.3 μm particles and >96% bacterial filtration against *S. aureus*, with stronger effects on *E. coli*. Biodegradability decreased with BA but improved with higher curcumin levels, highlighting these green nanofibers as promising eco-friendly air filters for chemical and microbial contaminants.